IHSS A 2021-22

 Natalie Gross Mr. Roddy IHSS Sept 30, 2021 Mcdonaldization                    Mcdonaldization is when an organization adapts to become faster, cheaper, and easier to access so that everyone will use/buy it more often. This applies to many things such as food and clothing. While this may benefit the company in maximizing its profit, it is not good for anyone else. The workers are often in other countries so that the company doesn't have to pay them as much as they would in the U.S. This leads to underpaying their overworked employees. It can also be bad for the environment because, in order to send the product to the consumer quickly, they need to make it ahead of time. So then, if they end up overestimating how many people will buy their product, there is too much made and they wasted all the materials for it to just sit in a landfill for hundreds of years. Through this, people think that all products should be the price creat...

 The Culture of Fear The culture of fear concept is the idea that people will encourage fear to the public or their colleagues to get an advantage in the political, social, or emotional world. The original theory was invented by Frank Furedi and then later fully developed by Barry Glassner. This theory explains how we invest billions of dollars each year into protecting ourselves from hypothetical situations like Pedophiles on the internet. We set up a bunch of protective barriers on computers, and tell our children to be careful when realistically most child abusers are actually family relatives. Or how for years parents wouldn't let their children eat candy because of strangers poisoning it on Halloween, even though the least suspicion of this act was in 1958. So all of these examples don't happen in the workplace, most likely because people in higher powers are telling their citizens, no need to be afraid of going to work! (even though dangerous work conditions are the cause...

    The day I walk into the woods with steaks and equipment I knew this was going to end in disaster or in a massive breakthrough. Knowing that the last guy was eaten alive, I wasn't sure I wanted to try this. I walked till I came across a pack of wolves in a clearing, realizing what was happening too late, three wolves block the entrance to the clearing, eyeing me with their hungry intelligent eyes. The alpha, or so I thought, stepped toward me in the loose circle of the others. I slowly took my back and took out the food, laying it at the end of my shovel, and sooting it over to the leader wolf, who I knew was the leader, due to the fact that all the others were watching him for instruction, and uneasily looking at the steak on the shovel. The wolf bent over and sniffed the meat, seemed to contemplate eating it, looked back up at me, and took a nibble. he waited, tasting the meat, then swiped the rest up so fast I wasn't sure what happened. I slowly go up the creature with o...

 #1 cultural universals cultural traits that are shared by all of humanity collectively.  Examples of such general traits are communicating with a verbal language, using age and gender to classify people, and raising children in some sort of family setting.  No matter where people live in the world, they share these universal cultural traits.  However, different cultures have developed their own specific ways of carrying out or expressing these general traits. Credit to the Anthropology terms google doc provided by Mr.Roddy. Having a way to communicate is a  cultural universal  in this world, mutches like having a community and culture. #2 diffusion  the movement of cultural traits and ideas from one society or ethnic group to another.  While the form of a trait may be transmitted to another society, the original meaning may not.  For instance, McDonald's hamburgers are thought of as a cheap, quick meal in North America, but they are genera...

 Ira Williams Mr.Roddy IHSS 9/28/21 This was interesting to learn about how the roles of sexuality affected the west compared to Rome and Greece. It talked about how the west put sex as a bad thing and that it should be avoided, while Romans, put it as more of a sign of intimacy and love. not that it wasn't that before but it wasn't labeled as a good thing like it was in Greece. This was interesting to learn about, but I was also wondering how society would be different if sex was viewed as a good thing and not a bad thing. The thing is that sex has benefits to your health, it can fight depression, reduce anxiety, etc. the article talked about how sex was viewed as a "waste of energy" and how sex for pleasure was shunned in the early 17th century. I think that sex should not be frowned upon, the Spartans, a superpowerful group of human war machines would perform sex as a sign of brotherhood, and that was probably just the tip of the iceberg about sex in the long past....

 India Riley Mr.Roddy IHSS September 28, 2021      I 1894 Emile Durkheim did a study on the suicide rates of U.S citizens. The study was published into a book in 1897, at the time the study was relevant and helpful towards doctors and psychologists to reach out to different audiences. In 2011 a more applicable study was published that focused on the specifics of who was most likely to commit suicide. The study had mentioned that men have a higher chance to commit then women, specifically men who have a desk job without a spouse, kids, or a family. The article I read also mentioned that U.S veterans have a significantly higher chance to commit suicide than any other person. Because the U.S doesn't have any projects to help traumatized or mentally ill veterans after they've been deployed. War can be highly traumatizing towards the veterans, and without proper therapy afterwards, its no shocker that all these veterans are committing suicide. Sgt. McDaniels came out to s...

  Ellie 9/28/21 IHSS Roddy This article, it talked about how fast food restaurants are becoming more dominant in the American culture. There is evidence that fast-food restaurants are slowly taking over the restaurant chain. Some evidence includes when parents ask their kids what they would like to eat. They're most likely to name a fast food restaurant because that is the first thing that comes into their mind. As the years go by the fast-food industry keeps growing and growing we can notice this by if you invested in that restaurant chain the stocks will go up and you will start noticing more and more fast-food restaurants. It's pretty important because when people are coming home from work or your kid forgot their lunch and need you to pick up food, you can just stop at a fast-food place. I think this will continue to grow because people are starting to go to fast-food restaurants. After all, it's cheaper and quicker. 

    throughout the years, sex has been through it. it's been criminalized, celebrated, and just about everything in between. it was really interesting to learn about sex in a way i hadn't before. i had no idea that r oman men were free to enjoy sex with other males without a "loss of masculinity or social status", as long as they took the dominant or penetrative role, or were on top. nowadays, so much as a compliment from one man to another is considered peak homosexuality. sex in today's culture is much more commonplace than it used to be, and the conversation is evolving a bit more in terms of respect for others, but there's still work to be done. whether or not it's heterosexual or homosexual, there's always work to be done moving forward on the subject. the contrast between ancient grecian and roman times and now is super different, though in some ways, pretty similar. the idea of straight and gay are slowly both becoming obscene with gen z, thus f...

  McDonaldization is a relatively new term. It describes how people want things as fast as possible.  the consumer has started to lose patience and wants most services to be as fast as a drive-thru. Giving this name McDonaldization. But is this way of service sustainable. The problem with McDonaldization is that corners are often cut. Like how your chicken nuggets might be made in a factory.  The consumer often does not care because of the price and speed. But what about other industries like surgeries. Do you want a 5  minute hip replacement. While convenient does that sound safe. McDonaldization is not sustainable in the long run and could hurt us down the road.

 The idea of sexuality is often repressed. This is because usually not being straight turns out to be taboo. The only way to get out of this repression is to be open about our sexuality. The author claims that sexuality and sex has been silenced. He wrote the book to argue against 18th century priests. He also talks about how priests used the bible to silence the LGBTQ+ community itself. One person's sexuality was also thought to explain a great deal of someone's character.  Sex itself started to become more about knowledge, and which is why we are also educated about it throughout our lives. If we were not educated about it, then learning about something in your 40s, after the peak of your life, then I personally would say it isn't as good.  The answer has to do with the relationship sex has with power and knowledge. Sexuality isn't something power can repress, but instead it is a conduit of power because of who and what our sexuality makes us. We need to use this powe...

  Jonathon Kozol, an American writer, educator, and activist, traveled throughout America from 1988 -1990 to visit a variety of schools ranging from low to high price ranges. Kozol believed that children who couldn’t afford to live in more expensive areas were not getting the education they deserved, as most of the schools in poorer areas were understaffed, underfunded, and unprepared for classes. One of the aspects of inequality within schools that stood out to Kozol early within his trip was the educational differences when it came to white school children compared to other school children. Kozol was disturbed by the appearance of racial segregation within schools, especially since he saw this in almost every single state. Within his book, he claimed that education for poor students and minorities has become worse over time and that equality between all students was far from reality. Another obvious point of inequality within his study was segregation in poorer neighborhoods an...

  Chiara Abel  IHSS Mr. Roddy September 27, 2021 Self Presentation in Everyday Life The article I read was summarizing a book written by someone named Goffman. The article talked about how our everyday interactions and the way we present ourselves can be represented in some aspects of theater. It mentions seven different concepts. Performance, setting, appearance, manner, front stage, back stage, and off stage. Performance refers to the impressions of an actor's performance such as their identity or the way an actor might handle a certain situation. This also includes the way the audience or in this case society perceives this. Usually the actor is unaware of the impression and performance. The setting includes things such as scenery, location, and props. The setting plays an important role in this because depending on the setting there could be a different type of audience. The actor might present themselves differently depending on the setting and what the situation is. Appe...

Khadijah Ahmed Mr. Roddy IHSS September 22, 2021 The Culture of Fear “The Culture of Fear: Why Americans are Afraid of the Wrong Things”, by sociologist Barry Glassner, is an illuminating examination of the typical American brain, and really how many irrational fears it has. It reveals the number of sources and organizations that perpetuate, and profit off of these fears. While he does go a little into the psychology of it all, he also provides numerous examples. One of these is the typical parental fear of a child being kidnapped. Based on actual reports conducted by the OJP, the majority of missing children are runaways fleeing from abusive households. Most of the remaining missing children, are in fact, rejected from their own parents, and have been cast out of their household. Despite these statistics, three out of four American parents still report fear that their child will be kidnapped. One of the reasons he pins this on is misleading marketing from corporations. Every year, a...

  Niko Cantu Mr.Roddy IHSS 27 September 2021 The Asch Conformity Experiments The first Asch Conformity experiment was done in the 1950s created by the psychologist Solomon Asch. This experiment was made to test how people would respond to a fact based question based on how others in a group would respond. This was tested by gathering a small group of university students where all but one were aware of the experiment. The group was shown a card with a black vertical line, and then were shown another card with three more black vertical lines labeled A,B, and C. One of the three lines was the same length as the first black line while the other two were either shorter or longer. The students went around the room, ending with the real subject, giving their answer to which line, A, B, or C, was closest to the original line in length. Sometimes the group would give the wrong answer and other times they would give the right answer. The goal was to see how the real participant would answe...

  Alice Korkin Mr. Roddy IHSS 22 September 2021 Children in American Schools Segregation ended decades ago so that means that all races should have equal access to education, right? As of now, that statement is very wrong. In public schools, funding is dependent on that local county or town, not by the state. A state that a child is living in can be very wealthy, but the child might be still getting improper resources for a proper education. For example, if you look at a public school inside of a city compared to a suburban school with rich houses, the difference is drastic. In some schools, there are holes in the walls, cracks on the chalkboards, improper sewage, and unhealthy water. Not only is the physical environment toxic for schools like this, but also the staff that makes up the school is not as great. Wealthier schools have access to great teachers, guidance counselors, and tutors. Other schools have access to none. Some of these factors may cause a child to drop out of s...

  The connection between language and thought has been a popularly discussed topic between linguists and workers in other social sciences for many years. In its most basic form, the discussions usually try to answer the question of whether languages influence the way we think, and if different languages cause us to think differently. One of the more popular arguments used to answer this question is linguistic relativity, and how it may play a role in the way that we think. Linguistic relativity is how we use meanings/grammar to express statements that make sense/how grammar is marked/defined. For example, in some languages, a verb must be chosen based on the shape of the object being discussed. The problem with this is that there has been no way to prove/disprove whether linguistic relativity has an effect on the way that we think, and as far as we can see there won't be any proof anytime soon. Another great example of the relationship between language and thought is the Sapir Whor...

 Natalie Gross Mr. Roddy IHSS 9/10/21 Functionalism          Functionalism is the theory that all parts of a society are done for the long-term survival of the culture or society. So this explains every social structure as something that works toward the good of the community. Because of that, people believe that gender inequalities exist to create an easy division of labor. This way of thinking makes it seem like there are no faults in the systems, leading to the neglect of problems such as the suppression of women. One reason for this is to compare minds to computers which cant be done because of how minds work. We don't get one set of information and run through an analysis to see what to do with it. Rather we have information and it gets all mixed up and forget things, so it doesn't have a set thing to do with new information. All of these reasons add up and makes it a very faulty theory. 

 India Riley Mr.Roddy IHSS September 10, 2021 Fritz Graebner       Fritz Graebner was a German ethnologist, born in Berlin in 1877. He grew the theory of Kulurkreise, which in German is essentially a culture complex that believed a culture could be shared between many different civilizations. Kulurkreise is a German term, in english directly translates to Culture clusters. In 1899 Fritz traveled to the Royal Museum of Anthropology to be a research assistant, while working beside Bernard Ankerman, who was an African ethnologist. Together they worked on the cultures of Oceania, from a geographical standpoint to discover cultural differences. After extensive research Fritz noticed a lot of cultural patterns, some were small like similar fishing or hunting strategies, while others were very specific like similar are perfectly the same rituals and traditions. Fritz left Oceania in 1907 to go to Austria during World War 1 to see if he could identify more patterns in A...

 in the early 20th century, technologies such as electricity, the incandescent light bulb, the automobile, and the phonograph, first developed at the end of the 19th century, were perfected and universally deployed. today, smartphones, bullet trains, and sports cars are the norm. this just goes to show how different times can foster different technologies. anthropology is definitely a type of research that could be applied in this situation because it would help give a better understanding of how those technologies affected the time periods and vice versa. when the transistor was invented on december 23, 1947, the world was changed- the three individuals credited with the invention of the transistor were william shockley, john bardeen, and walter brattain. It allowed the signal to be amplified regularly along the line, meaning that a telephone conversation could go on across any distance as long as there were amplifiers along the way. But the vacuum tubes that made that amplificati...

  Ellie 9/10/21 IHSS Roddy 20th Century Trends      In the 20th century, some popular things that developed in social life were newspapers, inexpensive books, magazines, and internet surfing. In the literature department, people started reading more science fiction, fantasy, and alternative history. The 20th century was also a big era of music with all the different and famous musicians who have affected modern-day music. The 20th century was also a big era of violent conflicts such as World Wars, the Holocaust, the rise of dictatorship, and much more. Aside from all of that the people started to adapt to the new social life and modern customs. If the stuff that happened in the 20th century never happened our society today would be a lot different. 

  Max Barger Mr. Roddy IHSS 10 September 2021 Historical Development Anthropology and Blog Marxism is a theory where society has no classes. It is an economic and political philosophy. It believes that capitalism can only thrive when you exploit the lower classes. The original theory was formed based on the beliefs of a Philosopher in the 1800s, Karl Marx. Because the theory states that society is in conflict with each other, it is known as a conflict theory. The entire conflict is between the rich and the poor. In today’s beliefs, people closely tie it to communism, however, originally Karl Marx saw it as a leveler to make an equal society. The opposite of Marxism is capitalism, the type of society we live in today. This theory is stemmed from one main question; How can we be free? As Marx was studying, he created a situation, that I personally believe is very insightful and really helps our understanding of the marxism theory. He suggests that in “primitive communism”, or bette...

Edward Sapir Edward was born in Lauenburg Germany, on January 26, 1884. Edward’s father, an orthodox Jewish rabbi, took him to the United States when he was young. Edward Sapir attended Columbia University, where he met and worked with Franz Boas. This was the first experience that led Edward to be truly interested in linguistic anthropology. Edward left Columbia with a master's in Germanics and a PhD in a language spoken in Oregon called Takelma. Edward spent the next 6 years studying languages of different cultures in the western United States, such as the Yana and Paitu.  After leaving Columbia University entirely, Edward went to Ottawa where he worked as the chief of anthropology at the Canadian National Museum, from 1910-1925. Edward didn’t only provide new information regarding anthropology, but also made lots of progress in the study of ethnology (the study of characteristics of different peoples and the differences between them). He continued to study languages, specifica...

Niko Cantu Mr.Roddy IHSS 9 September Alfred Reginald Radcliffe-Brown Radcliffe-Brown was a prominent figure in anthropology during the first half of the 20th century. Radcliffe-Brown had many notable influences in anthropology, including establishing modern social anthropology as a theoretical discipline, which means it was further looked at to find its truth and place in anthropology. However, what is known to be his most notable contribution to the field of anthropology was involvement into primitive societies of some of the ideas of system theory. The system theory being the study of systems that relate to each other and are all in a much larger and more complex system itself. It is used to find answers and create hypotheses of characteristics found in more complex systems that do not arise anywhere else. When Radcliffe was a postgraduate student in the year 1908 he had formed a theoretical approach where he stated the requirements for the science of human society. He believed that ...

 Chiara Abel  IHSS  Mr. Roddy  September 9, 2021  Ruth Benedict Ruth Benedict was born on June 5, 1887, in New York. She is most famous for her profound influence on anthropology, particularly the studies of culture and personality. At the beginning of her career, Ruth taught at an all-girls school in California. After moving back to New York she was without a job for a while, so instead she enrolled at New School for Social Research. While at this school she was influenced by Elsie Clews Parson and Alexander Goldweiser. This helped lead her to study anthropology under Franz Boas while attending Columbia University. In 1923 she was able to receive her Ph.D from Columbia University. A year later she became a teacher at Columbia. Ruth Benedict has written a few books, some of which are Tales of the Cochiti Indians, Zuñi mythology, Patterns and Culture, and Race: Science and Politics. At one point she also edited The Journal of American Folklore. In one of her book...

 Khadijah Ahmed 9/9/21 IHSS Mr. Roddy Topic: Marxism and the Collectors Alongside the concept of evolutionism, came another developing theory. The Marxist theory of evolutionism became another perspective for anthropologists in the late 19th century. Created by German philosophers Karl Marx and Freidrich Engels, the Marxist theory took greatly into account the causes of human evolution. According to Marx, society went through 4 evolutionary stages throughout its existence: communal living based on hunting and gathering what nature provided, to a society based on slavery, based on land, and then finally becomes a capital (bourgeois) based society. He said that in the societies that have since left communal living, powerful elites begin to take control over the general population. These elites have power usually rooted in the society’s “means of production”, but this power is almost always being challenged, as, within a capitalistic society, most individuals hope to increase their pe...

Harper Young 9/8/2021 Marxism Karl Marx was one very smart person that contributed to one of the best forms of government to date. He saw a problem with other forms of government and their systemic flaws. For example capitalism, the rich get richer while the poor get poorer. And the workers get paid a salary and are not compensated for their work. A way of describing this is someone makes 20 candles an hour and they each sell for $10. That worker may make $10 per hour when their labor created $200 of product. So why is the worker not making $100 or more? Karl thought this system is unfair and the worker should get more. The person who makes all of the money is the person who ends up doing less work for more money. The workers also usually do not have health care either. This separates society into two different classes. The lower class being the proletariat and the owner of the work being the bourgeoisie.  

  Niko Cantu Mr.Roddy IHSS 7 September 2021 Neurolinguistics Neurolinguistics is the study of how language is represented inside of your brain and how it is stored and used. Neurolinguistics, similar to philosophers, asks a lot of questions pertaining to the relationship between the brian and language as well as the effects of aphasia and brain damage. An interesting connection that our brian has with language is your senses. Our senses allow us to remember what something looks like, or feel like giving us words to help describe and respond to that thing. For example it explained how when someone says the word apple the first thing that is most likely going to pop into your head is what an apple looks like because that is how we would describe or perceive it. While it sounds like  a process that you would notice it usually will happen completely unconsciously. Switching gears to a big part of the article, aphasia, which is the loss of the ability to understand or express spe...

Ellie 9/7/21 Roddy IHSS Aussie Slang     The article that I read talks about Aussie slang and how it came to be and how we use it in everyday life. So the Aussie slang was so-called discovered in 1853 when Englishmen went to Australia to see if they could handle a little bit of cultural slang and yes they somewhat did. With the knowledge of Aussie slang, they brought it back to where they were originally from and that is when people started using it in their speech patterns. In modern times people use the words like " Dude, mate, yeah, and Nah". I for one use those words practically every single day, it's a speech habit that people such as myself use as filler words instead of saying the actual word. Like yeah, and Nah, those are just "filler" words that people can use to replace yes and no. I find it easier to use those words instead of the words people are supposed to use. If we didn't discover these slang words I think our dialect would be a little more p...

 Natalie Gross Mr. Roddy IHSS September 7, 2021 Preserving Cultures in the English Language                             This article was about how many different languages have social norms ingrained in them and how this affected how they learn and speak new languages.  For example, in Spanish there are multiple terms for you and you formal, reflecting their culture and how respectful they are toward people they may not know. This gives people a hard time speaking in languages that have different norms. Shortening sentences and using metaphors are both examples of culture through the language. Through learning languages and how they speak, not just the direct translation can help you to understand not only what they are saying, but also their culture and how they interact with others in many settings. An example given by the article was how in Korean languages there are different ways of refer...

 Chiara Abel  IHSS  Mr. Roddy  September 7, 2021 Sociolinguistics  The article I read was about Sociolinguistics. Sociolinguists is the study of the language used in social situations and can often reflect differences like dialect, social class, or bilingualism. Lately, Sociolinguistics has become a more popular field of study. the reason being for this is how different cultures around the world expand and change their communications including their intergroup and interpersonal relations. Language can often reflect certain behaviors and human interactions. One example of behavioral traits that could be shown in social interactions is the sentence structures or certain ways in which language should be used taught to a child at a younger age. Something I found interesting was when they mentioned how certain situations can affect the choice of language used. It also talked about social relationships within a community. For example, a child or younger person might a...

 Ira Williams IHSS Mr.Roddy 9/7/21    This article talked about how the right side of your brain processes sounds input from the ears. This also makes it so that you have a left ear bias because the opposite side of the brain is responsible for that side of the body. It talked about how your brain actually has a lot of processing power on that side. The article talked about how having a stroke on the left side of your brain might cause trouble writing comprehension afterwards. The right side of your brain would mess up your music understanding, you couldn't keep a steady beat, or you could not play the guitar correctly after. As old age takes its toll, some parts of the right lobe of your brain keep the way that they were as a teen, while the left side deteriorates (the side for non-speech sounds). this indicated that throughout life your brain tries to keep it all in shape so that you can still understand speech.

  Max Barger Mr. Roddy IHSS 7 September 2021 Linguistics Blog This article goes over the study that the way you pronounce different words, can be predicted by your political view. It is shown that Democrats, pronounce words that are from different nationalities, closer to the actual pronunciation than Republicans might. When people like Donald Trump, for example, pronounce words like Tanzania as t an- zay -nee-uh instead of its correct pronunciation as tan- zuh -nee-uh . On the other hand, there is Barack Obama, who has been given thanks for pronouncing the word Pakistan as pock-ee-stahn rather than pak-iss-stan .       In the study, the researcher takes a group of people, without knowing their political views and asks them to read out a few sentences out loud that contain foreign words. After the sentences were read, they were asked to share their political standpoint. It turned out that Democrats did in fact pronounce words closer to the original pronunciati...

 Harper Young 9/7/2021 Roddy Machine Translation   Machine translation is very hard. It is hard because of the way we speak as humans. When talking in English they are multiple words you can say that means the same thing and that is part of what makes it hard for machine translation. Also, another problem it faces is translating to languages that have gender implemented in the way people talk. For example, in English, I could say “they are having fun!” But in Spanish, you cannot do that. In Spanish “The group” must have a gender-specific way of describing it where in English you do not have to do that. Machine translation struggles in situations like that and during the translation process the words will come out sounding unnatural or incorrect. Another area where things can mess up is when some languages remove words, or the words have not clear translation. An example is in French it sounds right to say, “Where do you want me to put myself?" In English that sounds odd be...

  Alice Korkin Mr. Roddy IHSS 7 September 2021 The Sounds of Speech We don't usually think about this but to understand a language we have to know the words to that language. If we don't know the words, our brain cannot piece the puzzle of words together, therefore we do not understand. If you pay attention to someone talking to you in a foreign language, the things they are saying just sound like a big blur of words. One big run-on sentence that never ends. When we know the meaning of a word in the language we connect ties to the things stored in our memory and understand what is being said. What is being said is also a big part of understanding the language. Each of our brains processes everything differently so we can basically choose to hear what we want to hear. The way we speak is also an interesting process. We have to dig through our memory and find the words we want to say, then the words come out of our mouths with different movements, and then it turns into an actu...

Khadijah Ahmed Mr. Roddy IHSS 9/2/21 For a long time, researchers have been debating how exactly to define multilingualism. Some experts argue that it has a more narrow definition, and should only refer to people who function extremely well when speaking in their non-native language. Others, however, and this definition has been favored more recently, describe it as a person’s ability to proficiently function in another language. While many bilingual and multilingual speakers do have high written and oral competency in other languages, this is not thought to be required to fit the definition. Continuing with this logic, a person who could, say, speak in another language, i.e. Chinese, but couldn’t write in it, would still be considered a bilingual Chinese speaker. This shows the differentiation between complete monolingualism and a small amount of ability to function in another language. As there are obvious differences in types of bilingual and multilingual people, experts have divide...

  Charlie Brisch Mr. Roddy IHSS 7 September 2021 Yeah, nah: Aussie slang hasn’t carked it, but we do want to know more about it Australian slang really isn’t slang anymore, it is a part of the language that has been ingrained into it. I have an Australian coworker so personally I know a little bit about Australian slang. All of us know what she is referring to when she is talking. There are problems with our communication, when we say bin, we mean just like a box to hold the towels, but when she says bin, she thinks trash can. One of the most remarkable words in Australian slang is “mate.” According to a survey taken, it is also a favorite slang term. This is because it is a rather defining part of the language, and someone can easily tell if someone else is Australian by the rather definable slang they use. A lot of words in the Australian language have a slang word that just about everyone in Australia knows. Australian slang also stems down from other English words that aren’t...

  Evan Garibay September 3, 2021 IHSS Roddy The oldest toddler in the world Over 78,000 years ago a small child who scientists have named Mtoto (‘child’ in Swahili) was found in a specially dug grave now recognized as the oldest known human burial in Africa. Scientists had never discovered a burial site that dated back so far, so in turn, they dubbed Mtoto as the placeholder of the world’s oldest grave. Scientists and anthropologists worked together to discover that this was not only a burial but also a funeral. The skeleton was adorned with markings that could only be distinguished as tribal streaks. The body of Mtoto was laid out in fetal position and even provided with some type of pillow. The care humans took in burying this child suggests that they attached some deeper meaning to the event beyond the need to dispose of a lifeless body. One point that’s even more interesting about the discovery is the fact that the infant actually still had teeth intact in the mandibles, which ...

 India Riley Mr.Roddy IHSS September 2, 2021 Anthropology blog     My article was about wildfires. All across the Mediterranean fires are increasingly becoming larger, and more dangerous. This could be due to many different causes, the most likely is human inflicted. Because of climate change the chances of a fire have significantly increased. While farming is practical and beneficial for food, most farming strategies have become more harmful than good for our environment. The chemical pesticides and fertilizers are extremely flammable, with just one spark the entire field could burst into flame within minutes. When dedicating a large amount of land to farmland or cattle range, its safe to assume that at some point that will be engulfed in a fire. Rarely a field could emerge to flames even if a human hasn't touched it, because plants release so much oxygen, too much of any sort of plant could combust to flames during drought seasons or lightning storms significantly...

Chiara Abel IHSS  Mr. Roddy September 3, 2021  The Deferred Emergency of Occupation in Johannesburg      The article I chose to read was about the Deferred Emergency of Occupation in the Inner-City of Johannesburg in South Africa. The buildings that are used illegally are referred to as “hijacked buildings” or  “Dark buildings.”  All of these buildings were formerly occupied by white business owners but they started moving to the suburbs due to the number of Africans, who are black, moving into the Inner-City. Soon after, the buildings were still rented out but poorly maintained. The term “hijacked building” which is misleading, is often used because the people living in these buildings are criminals, foreign nationals, or people who have been evicted and have nowhere else to go. The people living in these spaces often experience eviction, even though they have legal protections. They also experience police raids, fires, accidents (which seem to be com...